Unit 7 A Question of Taste

Too and Enough

Too: You use it to indicate that there is more than enough.

Too + Adjetive

Examples:

You are too young to understand

Mary is too irresponsible to have a dog

Enough:  It can be used to indicate a degree of quantity.

Adjetive + Enough

Examples:

David is old enough now to make her own decisions 

David is not responsible enough to have a dog

How much?, How Many?

If it is countable nouns, How many is used.

How many cars do you have

How many candies do you have in your pocket

If it is uncountable nouns, How much is used.

How much money do you have?

How much coffee do you drink in the morning

Quantifiers

A quantifiers is used before a noun to indicate the amount or quantity:

Examples:

There are some books on the desk

He's got only a few dollars.

Whit a Uncountable nouns

• much
• little

Whit both

• enough
• more
• less
• some
• any
• a lot of

Whit Countable nouns

• many
• a few

Containers

Box -->  A box of eggs

Loaves, Loaf   --> A loaf of bread.

Bag--> Two bags of cakes

Bar--> A bar of butter

Slice --> A slice of jam

Can --> I can of soda

Jar -->Two jars of jail.

Package-->a package of soup.

Cartoon --> A canton of cereal

Bottle --> A bottle of Milk

Unit 8 Love and Romance

Would Rather, Would Pefer and Would Like

Would like: We use the modal expression ‘would like’ in English to talk about our desires and wants.

Examples:

I would like to take a trip

David would like araise

Would prefer & Would rather:  We use the modal expressions “would prefer” and “would rather” to talk about our preferences in English.

Examples:

I'd rather stay here

I prefer swimming to running

I'd rather you spoke in English

Negative yes/no Questions

Are used to confirm information

• Wasn't he going to play basketball?
• Aren't you play piano?
• Weren't they bought a cellphone?
• Didn't he play guitar?
• Isn't she seeing the movie?

Get

We use to indicate the process of becoming, negative feelings and experiences

Get sick

Get mad

Get angry

Get embarrased

Get engaged 

Get married.

Unit 9 Our Planet

Will, Going to and Present Progressive

Will is used more for spontaneous actions and decisions, in addition to requests, promises, possibilities and probabilities of future.
Examples:

I’ll get it.

No problem; I’ll do it later

I don’t think they’ll come

Going to is used for decision made for the future or conclusion with regard to the future.

Examples:

I’m going to see them next week.

We are going to sing at the party

Present Progressive is used for action already arranged for the near future.

Examples:

We're having a lunch next month

I'm going to see you at 8 o'clock

May/Might

We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something.

Examples:

She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.

It might rain this afternoon.

We can use 'may' to ask for permission.

Examples:

It may rain later today.

I may not have time to do it today.

Weather

• Rain
• Stormy
• Foggy
• Sunny
• Hailing
• Cloudy
• Snowy
• Windy

Examples:

Take an umbrella, it’s raining

It will be cloudy tomorrow

Unit 10 Party Animals

Simple Present

The simple present is used to make statements about events at a time later than now, when the statements are based on present facts, and when these facts are something fixed like a time-table, schedule, calendar.

Examples: 

The plane arrives at 18.00 tomorrow.

She has a yoga class tomorrow morning.

The restaurant opens at 19.30 tonight.

Present Progressive

The present continuous is used to talk about arrangements for events at a time later than now.

There is a suggestion that more than one person is aware of the event, and that some preparation has already happened

Examples:

Is she seeing him tomorrow?

He isn't working next week.

They aren't leaving until the end of next year.

Modals

I can speak English

I could go to the cinema

It may rain today

I think it will rain on Friday

Unit 11 Innovate

Present Passive 

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Examples:

My bike was stole

A mistake was made

Past Passive

When it's necessary to mentions the persons we use "by" last. And when the The discovery is more important than the person.

Examples:

Apple was designed by Steve Jobs

A song was sung by her

Unit 12 Across the Generations

Zero Condiitional

When we talk about things that are generally or always true.

Examples:

Unless you respect to your parents, they tell you off and they feel bad.

If you see to medusa to her eyes. you become in rock.

First Conditional:

We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.

Examples:

If we take John, he'll be really pleased.

If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.

Cake

Ingredients:

2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour

2 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder (not Dutch process)

1 teaspoon baking powder

1/2 teaspoon baking soda

1/2 teaspoon fine salt

1 1/4 cups buttermilk, well shaken

1 tablespoon green liquid food coloring

2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract

2 cups granulated sugar

1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temperature

3 large eggs, lightly beaten

Frosting:

1/2 cup all-purpose flour

1 1/2 cups milk

1 1/2 cups (3 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temperature

1 1/2 cups granulated sugar

4 teaspoons pure vanilla extract

Pinch fine salt

Green liquid or gel food coloring, optional

Green candies and sanding sugar for decorating, optional

Directions

For the cake: Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F. Butter three 8-inch round cake pans, line with parchment and butter the parchment; set aside. Whisk the flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, baking soda and salt in a medium bowl; set aside. Whisk the buttermilk, food coloring and vanilla in a spouted measuring cup; set aside.
Beat the granulated sugar and butter in a stand mixer (or a large bowl if using a hand mixer) on medium speed until very light in color and fluffy, about 5 minutes, scraping down the sides of the bowl as needed. With the mixer still running, slowly add the eggs and beat until fully incorporated. Reduce the mixer speed to the lowest speed; with it running, add 1/3 of the flour mixture, then 1/2 of the buttermilk mixture, then 1/2 of the remaining flour mixture, then the remaining buttermilk mixture, then the remaining flour mixture. Scrape down the sides and beat until well mixed. Divide the batter evenly among the three prepared pans. Bake until slightly puffed and a toothpick comes out clean when inserted in the center, 20 to 25 minutes. Let cool 15 minutes in the pan, then turn out to cool completely.
For the frosting: Put the flour in a small saucepan. Vigorously whisk in about 1/2 cup of the milk, making sure to get the whisk into the edges of the pan, until you have a smooth, thick paste. (This step keeps the flour from clumping.) Slowly whisk in the remaining milk until fully incorporated and the mixture is smooth. Cook over medium heat, whisking continuously, until the mixture is very thick, about 5 minutes. (Toward the end of the process, the mixture will become a thick paste; it may seem to be forming lumps, but whisk vigorously and the lumps will disappear.) Scrape the frosting into a bowl, pressplastic wrap onto the surface and refrigerate until cool, about 45 minutes.
Using a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment (or a hand mixer), beat the butter and granulated sugar on medium speed until very light and fluffy, about 5 minutes. Add the cooled flour mixture a tablespoon at a time and beat until smooth. Switch to the whisk attachment (or continue with the hand mixer), add the vanilla, salt and 3 to 5 drops food coloring if using and whip until very light and fluffy, like thick whipped cream, up to 10 minutes with a stand mixer or 12 minutes with a hand mixer.
To assemble: Place one layer on a cake plate, spread frosting on top and repeat with the 2 remaining layers. Frost the sides and decorate with candies and sading sugar if using.